The first one was about task independence-the ability to perform one’s tasks without substantially depending on coworkers. To understand the occupational segregation of gay and lesbian workers, we examined two hypotheses. Occupational segregation matters because it can lead to inequality between workers and limit the talent pool for employers trying to fill a position. Where does this kind of occupational segregation come from? This question has puzzled social scientists for nearly a century, but it is not simply an academic problem. And there are real occupational patterns behind some popular stereotypes, from the gay flight attendant to the lesbian truck driver. For example, both gay men and lesbians and are overrepresented in psychology, law, social work, and university teaching. There is an unusually high concentration of gay or lesbian workers in certain occupations. Each of these characters has and had a small role in increasing visibility of gay teens on TV, and their collective impact is great.By Michel Anteby, Carly Knight and András Tilcsik The Secret Life of the American Teenager's Griffin. Though some were older teens, like college-aged Calvin on ABC Family's Greek, there have been a wide variety of high school gays and lesbians on networks like The CW and MTV. Young adult-aimed networks have taken the lead in recent years. There were and are other gay teens on Glee, including his longtime love interest Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss), but Kurt is the standard-bearer. His arc wasn't subtle, but it resonated with audiences. Viewers watched him come out, crush, get crushed and fall in and out of love. Played by Chris Colfer, Kurt was a loud-and-proud example of the early-2010s #ItGetsBetter movement. Glee's Kurt Hummel could never be called many things, but "quiet" would not be among them. Other characters made waves in the early 2000s, including lesbian Jessie Sammler on Once and Again (played by none less than Evan Rachel Wood) and Will Horton on Days of Our Lives, who was the first gay teen to eventually get married on daytime TV. They inspired fan devotion, quickly racking up views for the YouTube clip of their first kiss and amassing angry responses when it took months for the characters to kiss again. "Nuke," as the couple was called by fans, weren't just the first gay teens to kiss, but the first gay couple on any soap. In 2007, fifteen years after Billy, daytime TV saw its first gay kiss between two characters: Luke and Noah on As the World Turns. He came out in response to rumors that he was molested by a reverend in town - not exactly the ideal first step, but an important one. Ryan Phillippe kicked off his career on One Life to Live playing gay character Billy Douglas in 1993, two years before Rickie debuted on My So-Called Life. Though Jude and Connor's kiss is thrilling, it's vital to remember those characters that helped pave the way. Between now and then - and even before that step - both daytime and primetime TV saw a host of gay teens making their contributions to the long road ahead. It was just 13 years ago that we saw the first kiss between two gay teen characters on TV: Jack and his boyfriend, David, on Dawson's Creek. Said progress has been slow at times, however. It is yet another marker of tremendous progress for LGBTQ representation on TV. It's a positive example for teen viewers that feels organic to the characters. But seeing mutual attraction play out in this fashion, especially among characters so young and not assured of their sexuality, is distinctive. We've seen similar plots before: One boy reads feelings into their relationship, and the other freaks out in response. After kissing in a tent on a camping trip - off-screen - the two have been exploring their attraction with a smile here, a brush of hands there. After a friendship spanning The Fosters' first two seasons, Jude and Connor's relationship has taken a romantic bent in recent episodes.
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